讲座前面加什么动词好 讲座前面放什么动词

高考英语语法复习系列讲座-名词性从句

语法复习三：名词性从句

讲座前面加什么动词好 讲座前面放什么动词

讲座前面加什么动词好 讲座前面放什么动词

注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.

2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章

（一）名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, wher, if, as if, that

（二）主语从句

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。

Who will go is not important.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

It doesn’t matter so much wher you will come or not.

3、that主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。

That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

实用例句:

Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the head?

Does it make any difference who bought these gifts?

How strange it is that these children are so quiet!

注意: 表示是否,只能使用wher.

（三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

The question was who could go there.

2、表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to in the work.

注意: 表示是否,只能使用wher.

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

I hope (that) rything is all right.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 wher。

I’m interested in wher you’ve finished the work..

I’m interested in what you’ve said.

3、wher与if都可以宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

if和wher区别

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用wher。

e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用wher。

e.g. Please let me know wher you want to go.（此句如果把wher改成if，

容易当成条件句理解）

③宾语从句中的wher 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

e.g. I don’t know wher or not the report is true.

I don’t know wher/ if the report is true or not.

④介词后的宾语从句要用wher。wher 可与不定式连用。wher也可主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用wher。

It depends on wher we he enough time.

They don’t know wher to go there.

Please come to see me if you he time. 状语从句

实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语

I thought it imsible that he could finish this job in just two hours.

He left it to my judgment wher we should continue this project.

注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

I he no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised rybody

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：

1. China is no longer what it used to be.

2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.

3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

4. How he persuaded the mar to change the plan is interesting to us all.

5. The news that they had won the soon spread over the whole school.

6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.

8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.

9. Do yoemember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?

10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.

参: 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句

二、用适当的连词填空：

1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.

2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.

3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation

in such a short time.

4. ____________ we need is more time.

5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting

surprised rybody.

6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.

7. Please l me ____________ you are waiting for.

8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?

9. Would you please l me ____________ the nearest t off is?

10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.

参: 1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. wher

三、选择填空：

1. Do you see _____ I mean?

A. that B./ C. how D. what

key: D 宾语从句 that宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.

2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.

A. that B. what C. which D. why

key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．

3. We must stick to _____ we he agreed on.

A. what B. that C. / D. how

4. Let me see _____.

A. that can I repair the radio B. wher I can repair the radio

C. I can repair the radio D. wher can I repair the radio

key: B 从句使用陈述语序 注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.

5. Keep in mind _____.

A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say

C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said

key: D whatclose意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"名词结构作keep宾语.

6. Could key: Ayou aise me _____?

A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first

C. that book I should read first D. which book I should read first

key: D

7. He was criticized for _____.

A. he had done it B. what he had done

8. Would you kindly l me _____?

A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station

C. where 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

D. wher can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.

A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China

C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China

key: C

10. We took it for granted ___

A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming

C. they were coming not D. were they not coining

11. I really don't know _____

A. I should do next B. what should I do next

C. what I should do next D. how I should do next

key: C

12. I'm afraid _____.

A. the little girl will he to be operated on

B. that will the little girl he to operate on

C. the little girl will he to operate on

D. that will the little girl he to be operated on

13. She walked up to _____ .

A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there

key: B where I stood 我站的地方

14. Can you l me _____?

A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who

C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman

key: C 陈述语序

15. We'll give you _____.

A. that do you need B. what do you need

C. whatr you need D. wher do you need

key: C whatr: 1. no matter what 表示让步,副词性 2. anything that ,名词性

如果一个副词性的疑问词加上r后缀,它只具有副词性.如 whenr=no matter when; howr 它是一个很特殊的词: 1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而 2.no matter how 无论怎么

16. They want us to know _____ to us.

A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they

key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语.

17. We must put _____ into pract.

A. what we he learned B. that we he learned

C. that he we learned D. what he we learned

18. Did she say anything about _____?

A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done

C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done

key: D

19. He was nr satisfied with _____.

A. what she had achid B. had what she achid

C. she had achid D. that she achid

20. These photographs will show you _____.

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.

key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略

22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.

A. when B. where C. why D. that

key: D 同上

23. We wish we could he learned _____ when we were at high school.

A. what you did B. that you had done

C. that what you did D. what did you do

24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.

A. what B. that C. which D./

25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.

A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him

C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him

26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to he it.

A. whomr B. anyone C. whor D. someone

key: C any one who wants to he it

27._____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet.

A. What B. That C . When D. Where

key: C

28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.

A. Who B. The thing C. Whatr D. Where

key: C

29. It is still a question _____ we shall he our sports meet.

A. if B. that C. what D. when

key: D

30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.

A. If or not B. Wher or not C. If D. That

31. It is strange _____ she he left without saying a word.

A. that B. what C. why D. how

32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.

A. what B. that C. why D. where

33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.

A. That B. When C. What D. Wher

key: C

34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.

A. if B. wher C. why D. that

key: D

比较: It hasn't been decided wher he will be sent there.

35. It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not.

A. if B. wher C. that D. when

36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.

A. when B. that C. why D. where

37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.

A. when B. why C. where D. that

key: D it happened that... 碰巧...

38._____ you he done might do harm to other people.

A. What B. That C. Which D. The things

39. _____ lees the room last ought to turn oft the lights.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whor D. Who

key: C anyone who

比较: who left the room last is being looked into.

40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.

A. Wher B. If C. Whenr D. That

key: D

41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.

A. That B. Whor C. Wher D. Wher or not

key: B anyone who

42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.

A. What B. Wher C. That D. Whatr

key: C

43. Has it been announced _____?

A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off

C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off

key: D

44. That is _____ we all support his idea.

A. what B. why C. where D. when

45. That’s _____ we should do.

A. that B. what C. how D. why

46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said

A. What; that; what B. What; what; what

47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.

A. when B. why C. that D. what

key: D

48. That’s _____ I want to say.

49. That’s _____ .

A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there

C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie

50. That is _____ .

A. where lived he there B. where did he live

C. where he lived D. that where he lived

key: C

51. The questions is _____.

A. wher is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing

C. wher it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing

key: C

52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.

A. how B. which C. what D. as

key: C

53. That's_____.

A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher

C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher

54. They are just _____.

A. that what shall I he B. what shall I he

C. that I shall he what D. what I shall he

key: D

55. It looked ____.

A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain

C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain

56. That's_____.

A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.

C. how did she do it D. what she did it

key: A 注意选项D,多了一个词: it

57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.

A. where B. which C. that D. why

key: D

58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.

A. where B. at which C. there where D. when

59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to them.

A. if B. that C. when that D. that where

60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.

A. what B. that C. why D. if

61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.

A. that B. what C. wher D. why

62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.

A. why B. if C. that D. wher

key: C

63.I he no idea _____ she will be back.

A. that B. where C. that when D. when

key: D

64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a dloping country.

A. wher B. that C. why D. when

65. They he no idea at all _____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go

C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone

这个讲座的目的是为了让同学们多了解的国粹用英语怎么说？

179. lee…for 离开……去……

这个讲座的目的是为了让同学们

多了解的国粹。

这句话可以这样说 (不止一种表达),

The lecture is aimed at improving

students's understanding of the

quintessence of Chinese culture.

采纳哈！

短语 be amied at doing sth

旨在做某事, 目的是..., 动词

要用ing形式,

improve understanding ofA. on that B. what C. that D. on which sth

加深对某事的了解, 也就是多了解,

quintessence是名词, 表示精华4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than,

lecture 这里是做名词, 指讲座

这个讲座的目的是为了让同学们多了解的国粹。

英语这样说：

The pure of this lecture is to let students understand more about the quintessence of China.

小学英语常用动词词组

16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.

1. come back 回来

很多的长将出席会议。

2. come down下来

3. come in 进入，进来

4. come on 快，走吧，跟我来

5. come out出来

6. come out of 从……出来

7. come up 上来

8. come from 来自……9. do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业

10. do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读

12. do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning. 买东西(做饭菜，读点书，大扫除.

13. do a good deed (good deeds. 做一件好事(做好事.

14. do morning exercises 做早

15. do eye exercises 做眼保健

16. do well in 在……某方面干得好

17. get up 起身

18. get rything ready 把一切都准备好

19. get ready for (=be ready for. 为……作好准备

20. get on (well. with 与……相处，融洽.

21. get back 返回

22. get rid of 除掉，去除

23. get in 进入，收集

24. get on/off 上/下车

25. get to 到达

26. get there 到达那里

27. give . a call 给……打电话

28. give a talk 作报告

29. give a lecture (a piano concert. 作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会.

30. give back 归还，送回

31. give……some a on 给……一些忠告

32. give lessons to 给……上课

33. give in 屈服

34. give up 放弃

35. give . a chance 给……一次机会

36. give a message to…给…一个口信

37. go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧

38. go to the cinema 看电影

39. go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺.

40. go to school /college. 上学(上大学.

41. go to (the. hospital 去医院看病

42. go over 过一遍，复习/ go over to 朝……走去

43. go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西

44. go home (there. 回家去(去那儿.

45. go round 顺便去，绕道走

46. go up 上去

47. go out for a walk 外出散步

48. go on 你好(doing. 继续(做…….

49. go on with one's work 继续某人的工作

50. go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼

51. (the lights. go out (灯. 熄了

52. he a lesson (lessons. /a meeting上课/开会

53. he a football match (basketball match. 举行一场足球(蓝球. 赛

54. he dictation 听见

55. he a try 试一试

56. he a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴

57. he a lecture (a piano concert. 听讲座(钢琴音乐会.

58. he a report (talk. on 听一个关于……的报告

59. he a glass of water (a cup of tea. 喝一杯水，(茶.

60. he breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

61. he a meal (three meals. 吃一顿饭(三餐饭.

62. he a dinner 吃正餐

64. he (he got. a headache 头痛

63. he bread and milk for breakfast早饭吃面包和牛奶

65. he a fr发烧

66. he a cough (a cold. 咳嗽(感冒.

67. he a look (at. 看一看……

68. he a rest (a break. 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息.

69. he a talk 谈话

70. he a swim/walk 游泳/散步

71. he sports 进行体育锻炼

73. he soming done 让人(请人. 做……

74. he a test/an exam 测验/考试

75. he an idea 有了个主意

76. had better do sth. (not do sth.. 做……(不要做….

77. he a word with 与……谈几句话

78. . with sth. . do sth.在……方面帮助……帮助……做

80. each other 互相帮助

79. oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉

81. keep up with 跟上，不落后于

82. keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静

83. keep . doing sth.使…一直做…

84. keep one's diary 记日记

85. make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises. 吵闹(十分嘈杂.

86. make a living谋生

88. make faces (a face. 做脸

87. make . do sth. 迫使某人做……

89. make friends (with. 与……交朋友

90. make a mistake (mistakes. 犯错误

. make room/space for 给……腾出地方

92. make a sentence (sentences. with 用……造句

94. be made from/of 由……制成

95. be made in 在……地方制造

96. look out of (outside. 往外看(看外面.

97. look up a word (in the dictionary. 查字典

98. look up 往上看，仰望

99. look after 照管，照看，照顾

100. look for 寻找

101. look like 看上去像

103. look out 当心，小心

102. look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑

104. look on …as… 把……当作……看待

105. look around 朝四周看

106. look at 看着……

107. put on 穿上(衣服. ，戴上(帽子. ，上演(戏剧.

108. put up 建造，搭起，挂起，举起，张帖

109. put into 使进入，输入

110. put one's heart into 全神贯注于

111. put…down… 把……放下

112. put…into… 把……译成

114. set off 出发，动身

115. set out 出发

116. set an example for 为……树立榜样

117. send for 派人去请(叫.

118. send out 放出，发出

119. end up 把……往上送，发射

120. take one's a 听从某人劝告

121. take out 拿出，取出

122. take down 拿下

123. take place 发生

124. take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人职务

125. take the place of 代替……

126. take a walk/rest 散步/休息

127. take it easy别紧张

128. take sth.with .随身带着

129. take . to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度

130. take care of 关心，照顾，保管

131. take a look (a last look. at 看一看(看一眼.

132. take an exam 参加考试

133. take away 拿走

134. take back 收回，带回

135. take hold of 抓住……

136. take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等. 拿掉

138. take photos 拍照

137. take (an active. part in(积极. 参加(活动.

140. take a bus/train, boat/乘公共汽车，火车/船

141. turn on 开 (电灯，收音机等.

146. turn down (把音量. 调低

139. take some medicine服

142. turn off 关上(电灯，收音机等.

143. turn in 交出，上交

144. turn…into… 变成

145. turn to 翻到，转向

147. turn…over 把……翻过来

149. play s 做游戏

152. play a joke (on. 对……开玩笑

151. play with snow 玩雪

148. play basketball 打篮球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球

150. play the piano (the violin. 弹钢琴(拉小提琴.

153. think over 仔细考虑

154. arrive at/in a place 到达某处

155. eat up 吃完，吃光

156. do well in 在……干得好

157. enjoy doing sth. like doing sth.喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事

158. find out发现，查出(真相等.

159. finish off 吃完，喝完

160. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

161. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

162. hold a meting 举行会议

163. hold up 举起

164. hurry up 赶快，快点

165. enter for 报名参加

166. langht at 嘲笑

167. be used to 习惯于

168. used to 过去常常

169. wake…up 唤醒

170. work out 算出

171. ask for 向……要……，请求

172. ask for lee 请

173. send for 派人去请(叫.

174. pay for 付……的款

175. wait for 等候

176. thank for 为……感谢

177. apologize to . for sth. 为某事向某人道歉

178. look for 寻找

180. fall off 跌落

181. catch cold 着凉，伤风

182. catch up with 赶上

183. agree with . ，同意某人的意见

184. filled……with 把……装满

185. l . about sth. 告诉某人某事

186. talk about 谈论……

187. think about 考虑……

188. worry about 担忧……

189. look after 照料

190. run after 追赶，跟在后面跑

1. read after 跟……读

192. ile at 对……微笑

193. knock at 敲(门、窗.

194. shout at 对……大喊(嚷.

195. throw away 扔掉

196. work hard at 努力做……

197. wait in line 排队等候

198. change…into… 变成

199. hurry into… 匆忙进入

200. run into… 跑进

拓展延续

英语动词有五种基本形式：

①动词原形

不带to的动词不定式形式，也就是词典中一般给出的形式

如be work come do he

②过去式与过去分词（规则变化）

⑴在动词原形后加-ed，如worked

⑵以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变i再加-ed，如studied，carried

⑶以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写此辅音字母后再加-ed，如stopped

英语学习（二）

③现在分词

⑴在动词原形后加-ing，如working

⑵以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing，如writing

⑶少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加ing，如dying

⑷以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再加-ing，如digging

学习笔记

④第三人称单数形式

⑴在动词原形后加-s，如works

⑵以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加-es，如teaches washes goes passes boxes

⑷以元音字母加y结尾的动词后加-s，如plays

学英语需要借助工具书

动词学习方法:

1记忆

其实这英语动词的五种形式需要跟英语的时态学习联系起来，就是要分清楚发生在什么时候，经常发生的就用单三形式，当然人称就直接用原形；现在正在发生的就用进行时，描述过去了的事情就用过去式，这样记起动词形式来就会容易很多。

2 应用

英语学习主要分为听说读写四种技能的`学习，首先我们看读，因为只需要用到眼手脑，所以在读的时候，我们碰到不同形式的动词就需要特殊标记，既为了给自己提个醒，也为了方便在文本中去理解词义和语法；那么听就需要用到眼手脑和耳朵，需要我们先听到语意，再联系语意来判断动词形式，然后再做笔录，这样就又多了一层感官，可以让我们的印象更加深刻。

读英语文章

如果说听读是输入式学习，那么说写就是输出式学习，就需要把我们的感官都用上，像说就需要让别人也理解我们的语言，我们想表达一个什么意思，这就需要多跟英语表达好的人交流，了解英语的常用表达，然后经常性的输出，就能有进步，而写还需要将所有的语言点在大脑里组织好了再进行输出，所以就需要有一定的逻辑思维能力，这个时候，我们在总结动词的时候不妨做个逻辑图来整理，也可以在做输出的同时也可以锻炼思维。

形势的开始用什么动词搭配比较好听

113. set up 竖起，建起

形（错）She is an afraid girl.势的开始用看清动词搭配比较好听。

在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.

问题与解决搭配组成解决问题，形势与看清搭配组成看清形势，原因与分析搭配组成分析原因，此三者皆为动宾短语也。

前词皆为动词谓语，回答怎么样的问题，后词皆为动词之连带成分宾语，回答什么的问题。它们皆合动宾短语之要求，动宾搭配得当。

形势的开始用什么动词搭配比较好听，动词搭配形势，可以这样搭配，扩大形势，缩小形势，包围形势，歼灭形势，整改形势等等，这些动词都可以搭配

join a party还是attend a party

多音节词，在前more important

attend a party,attend侧重于“出席”,而join 侧重于“参与”,强调在里少数以-er，-owclr(聪明的)clrer clrest面起作用,如join in the sports s.

jion:常用词,作及物动词时用于加入某个组织（jion a club 加入俱乐部）,jion .表示随同某人,与某人一起;作不及物动词时,可表示参加某项活动,后接介词in再加宾语（jion in the 参加游戏）,若介词in后面不接宾语,则表示参加进来的意思

at72. he a sports meet (meeting. 开运动会tend:正式用词,一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等,也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等

start是延续性动词还是非延续性，为什么要用he started而不是he beenon？

典型例题:

Start是非延续性的动词，非延续性动词是可以用现在完成时的，但是非延续性动词不能用在有时间段的现在完成时句子里面，这个时候要换成延续性的可以接47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.时间段的动词形式。比如句子:The lecture has started.（讲座已经开始了。）The lecture has been on for twenty 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 minutes. (讲座已经开始20分钟了。)

我只好打开电视，不声不响的听英语讲座，改为双重否定句怎么改？

key: B

双重否定句：我不得不打开电视，不声不响地听英语讲座。

（错）He is an ill man.

改为肯定句，要把反问句中的肯定词改为否定词，或把否定词改为肯定词，然后把反问语气词去掉，把句末疑问助词去掉，问号改为句号。双重否定句变肯定句则去掉双重否定词即可。

我只好打开电视，不声不响地听英语讲座。例句后半句加否定词语句不通顺，看前半句可以把只好换成否定词，只好的意思是不得不；只得。所以把只好换成不得不。

换好后，通读句子，看是否通顺，语句通顺后再看句意是否改变，通读后发现句式改变正确，写上就可以了。

肯定句改为双重否定句方法:肯定句改为双重否定句:则要在前加上两个连用的否定词。

如“没有……不”、“不得不”、“不……不”、“不能不”、“不是不”、“不会不”、“不要不”、“没有一个不”、“非……不可”等重否定词。

汉语有两种否定形式：一是否定性词语，这是以词汇手段构成的一般意义上的否定形式；二是反问语气，这是以语法手段构成的特殊意义上的否定形式。

据此推定汉语有两种未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greater greatest 类型的否定句式：一是一般的双重否定句式，这是连用两个否定性词语造成的（如：不得不）；二是特殊的双重否定句式；这是由一个否定性词语和一个反语语气连用造成的。双bai重否定有表达肯定、强化语气等功能。

我只好打开电视，不声不响的听英语讲座

双重否定句：

我只好打开电视，不得不不声不响的听英语讲座。

双重否定句就是加上两个否定词。

例如：

难道你不知道这件事情的结果吗？

我只好打开电视，不声不响地听一讲座，双重否定句，我只好打开英语讲座。不得不不声不响地听英语讲

我只好打开电视。不得不声不响地听英语讲座。

我只好打开电视，不得不不声不响的听英语讲座

高考英语语法复习系列讲座-动词词义辨析

93. make a fire 生火

语法复习九：动词词义辨析

动词是是的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, g; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：aise, a; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：

explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find,

get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：

give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（一）易混动词

1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：

放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词

躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词

说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词

2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）

5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。

6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是g；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。

7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne A. all what B. what C. all which D. what thatfive children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。

8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.

9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。

10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a , an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I he won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。

11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。

12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。

13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。

14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:

Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指、公路交闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。

15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。

16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。

17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如:

she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.

18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用

lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.

19、he on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。he on与wear作穿着状态讲;但he on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：

I dress my children in the morning ry day.

20、begin与start

begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:

we shou1d he to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。

21、allow 与permit

allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.

22、find与found

find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：

The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.

23、speak, say, talk 与l

英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, l，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与l是及物动词，其中l常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t l time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是l，如：Can you l me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：

The father always speaks well of his son.。

24、excuse me 与sorry

excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。

25、care for 与care to do

care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：

Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。

26、与名词易混的动词有：aise(v.), a (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choo来构成比较级和easily(容易地)se(v.), cho(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);

27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，a表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。

28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …

29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to,

turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …

30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in,

take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …

（二）动词短语

动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：

1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。

(I)动词+副词(不及物)

Harry turned up after the party when ryone had left.

晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。

(2)动词+副词(及物)

Please turn ry light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。

注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：

She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She ge them away.

她送掉了它们。

(3)动词+介词(及物)

I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的。

注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with.

她的工作多得使她应付不了。

(4)动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。

2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的异。

(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。

(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。

(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。

(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。

动词词义辨析检测练习

1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.

A. point B.speak C.say D.l

2.I ____ you will write me back soon.

A. wish B.hope C.want D.need

3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could he a word with him.

A. spend B. spare C.se D. share

4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.

A. he B.let C. agree D. allow

5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a all boy.

A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run

6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.

A. send B.pick C.ride D.take

7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.

A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives

8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.

A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

9. These boxes are too hey for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.

A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch

10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.

A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut

11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.

A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results

12. I've____my umbrella in the off and I'll he to fetch it.

A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost

13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.

A. make B.do C.give D.get

14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.

A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran

15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.

A. ells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes

A. get Be C. reach D. arrive

17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.

A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost

18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.

A. like B. expect C. think D.need

19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.

A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished

20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?

A.give B.lee C.carry D.take

21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?

A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on

22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.

A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy

23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.

A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent

24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.

A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent

A. be B. should be C.was D. would be

26.I ____ the evision set for 1,500 yuan.

A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent

27.I ____ play football than basketball.

A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer

28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should

be back for lunch now.

A.after B.at C.for D.up

29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.

A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down

30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.

A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off

31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through

32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Snth Wonder.

A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on

33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.

A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up

34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.

A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up

35. The child is running a high fr. We must____ a doctor at once.

A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up

36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and

we'll go there toge;

A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up

37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.

A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out

38. Your comition must be ____ after class.

A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over

39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.

A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up

40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.

A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place

41. ____! There's er ahead.

A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out

42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.

A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down

43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.

A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on

44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.

A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in

45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't

really want to continue it.

A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on

46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the pol were waiting for them.

A. breaking out B. breaking into

C. breaking up D. breaking away from

A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in

48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.

A. ge out B. ge in C. ge up D. ge away

49. He was always the last to lee in order to clean up the workroom

and ____ the tools.

A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after

50.____ this article and l me what you think of it.

A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through

1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 CDBDB 21-25 AADAC

26-30 AACAB 31-35 CDCBC 36-40 ADCBA 41-45 DBDAD 46-50 BDCAD

take part in和attend的区别

11. do one's best 尽力

take part in和attend的区别：

1、take part in和attend都有“参加”的意思，但用法不同。

2、take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

3、take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。

4、attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。

拓展1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA资料

1、His toes are hurt and he is unable to take part in today's basketball .

因脚指受伤，他不能参加今天的篮球赛了。

2、One either can take part in this contest through self-recommendation or can be nominated by others.

参加本次竞赛既可自荐，也可他荐。

3、Benzoylperoxide, and especially azobisisobutyronitrile, do not take part in transfer reactions.

、特别是偶氧二不参加链移反应。

4、Unfortunay, I can't take part in the party this time!

真可惜，我这次不能参加聚会了。

5、Peter: which group do you take part in?

彼得：你参加了哪一个活动小组？

6、And they expound general procedure and basic mods for university students to take part in scientific research.

对大学生参加科研活动的一般程序和基本方法作了论述。

atC. That; that; what D. Why; that; whichtend

1、I he more pressing things to attend to.

我有更紧迫的事情要做。

2、I he soming to attend to.

我有点事得办一办。

3、Who will attend the meeting?

哪些人出席这次会议？

4、They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.

他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。

5、I've got some unfinished business to attend to.

我还有一些未完的事要处理。

6、He will attend an outdoor concert in his honour in the centre of Paris

他将出席在巴黎市中心特地为他举办的一场露天音乐会。

take part in和attend都有“参加”的意思，但用法不同。

1、take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如：

2、attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。

拓展资料

1、If you want knowledge, you must take part in the pract of changing reality.

你要有知识，你就得参加变革现实的实践。

2、You can take part in activities from canoeing to bird watching.

你可以参与从划独木舟到观鸟等各种活动。

3、Cadres he gone down to different grass-roots units to take part in manual labour.

干部们分别下基层参加劳动去了。

4、They returned to take part in the season's opening .

他们回来参加本赛季的开幕赛。

5、You don't need strength to take part in this sport

参加这项运动不需要太多体力。

attend

1、Thousands of people attended the funeral

数千人参加了葬礼。

2、They attended college toger at the University of Pennsylvania.

他们一起就读于宾夕法尼亚大学。

3、The staff will fully attend to your needs

会帮忙满足您的需求。

4、The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries

take part in ,attend的辨析

这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思。区别：

（1)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起积极作用。

May I take part in your ? 我可以参加你们的游戏吗？

（2)attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。

He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要会议。

join, take part in ,attend的辨析

这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思。区别：

1)join：指加入某个组织成为其中一员。

join the Army/the Party/the League参军/入/入团

join (.) 指参与某项活动，口语中常与take part in 通用。

He joined you in the walk.他和你们散步。

2)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起积极作用。

May I take part in your ? 我可以参加你们的游戏吗？

3)attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。

He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要会议。

高考英语语法复习系列讲座-强调句、It的用法

C. what had he done D. that he had done it

语法复习五：强调句、It的用法

一、强调句

（一）强调句句型

1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（强调主语且主语指人可以用who,当然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。

强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的

e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。这是重点

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,这是出题点,也是考点,掌握它的方法是多记几个这样的句子,一定会融会贯通的.

e.g. When and where was it that you were born?

认真研究下面的例句.体会一句话语法: 强调句式只是把句子中某些词

(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)

去掉之后,句子一定是完整的

4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。

（二）not … until … 句型的强调句 这也是出题点和考点,掌握的方法: 多记几个这样的句子,一定会融会贯通的.

1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分

e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

（三）谓语动词的强调

1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，

用助动词do/ does或did。

e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

二、It的用法

（一）作人称代词

1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

e.g. You cannot eat your cake but he it.（it代替前面的cake）

Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （i（五）同位语从句t代替后面的air）

They say he has left town, but I don’t beli it.

（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）

2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。

e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.

（it代替前面的tree）

The baby cried because it was gry. （it代替前面的baby）

3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。

e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.

---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.

---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.

4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。

e.g. ---- Do you still he the bicycle? ---- No, I he sold it.

---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。

e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）

The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）

（二）作无人称代词

it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).

It is noon.

It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.

It is eigh square metres in area.

What does it matter?

（三）作强调词，构成强调结构

用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。

（四）词it作形式主语（宾语）

为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.

（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）

We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.

（it与that从句中间夹有 strange）

但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）

补充: I like it here. 句中like是及物动词(什么是及物动词,就是可以直接加上宾语的动词),后面必须加一宾语,而here是副词,不能作宾语(大家想一想,前面我们说过什么可以做宾语来的.名词!)这时为了使句子语确,使用一个虚拟的宾语: it. 上面说的是理论,掌握起来非常简单哟.把它背下来: I like it here.

检测练习

1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.

A. one B. ones C. it D. that

2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.

A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s

3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.

A. It B. He C. She D. That

4. ---- He yo seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.

A. that B. it C. such D. one

5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.

A. this B. that C. it D. one

6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise ry morning.

A. It B. There C. Those D. You

7. We think ____ our d⑶以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先将y变为i后再加-es，如studiesuty to pay taxes to our government.

A. that B. this C. its D. it

8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.

A. that B. it C. which D. what

9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.

A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is

10. How long ____ to finish the work?

A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you

11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.

A. who B. whom C. how D. that

12. It was in the r fields ____ we had our league meeting.

A. where B. that C. in which D. on which

13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.

A. which B. when C. as D. that

14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for lee?

A. and B. that C. that’s D. so

15. Mary speaks in a low vo; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.

A. it B. that C. so D. she

16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.

A. many years that B. many years before

C. many years ago that D. many years when

17. ____ is not rybody ____ can draw so well.

A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that

18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.

A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow

C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow

语法讲座 第四讲 形容词和副词

以- le结尾的双able（有能力的) ablerablest

4.1 形容词及其用法

25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clr enough to study music.

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。

（对）The man is ill.

（对）The girl is afraid.

3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：

soming n

4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词

1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

改错：(错） She sang lovely.

（错） He spoke to me very friendly.

（对） Her singing was lovely.

（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily .

The Times is published daily.

4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体

1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the gry

The poor are losing hope.

2） 有关和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。

the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.

The English he wonderful sense of humor.

4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词

a all round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brown shirt

a famous German medical school

an expensive Japanese sports car

1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two

：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old

A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途++名词。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：

限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+

those + three + beautiful + large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood + table

4.5 副词及其基本用法

副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

一、副词的位置：

1） 在动词之前。

2） 在be动词、助动词之后。

3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在个助动词后。

注意：

a. 大多数方式副词位于take part in句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。

He speaks English well.

二、副词的排列顺序：

1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。

Please write slowly and carefully.

3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

改错：(错)I very like English.

(对)I like English very much.

注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for ryone to eat.

There is food enough for ryone to eat.

4.6 兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2)late 与lay

late意思是"晚"； lay 意思是"最近"

You he come too late.

What he you been doing lay?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenr you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

4.7 形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和级的变化，即原级、比较级和级，用来表示事物的等级别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和级。

构成法原级 比较级级

一般单音节词tall(高的) tallertallest

以不发音的e结尾n(好的) nrnst

的单音词和少数 large(大的)larger largest

音节词只加-r,-st

以一个辅音字母big(大的) bigger biggest

结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest

音节词，双写结

尾的辅音字母，

再加-er，-est

"以辅音字母+y"easy(容易的)easier easiest

结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)busier busiest

改y为i，再加

-er，-est

结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest

未尾加-er，-est

其他双音节词和important(重要的)

面加more，most most important

级。more easily

most easily

2) 不规则变化

原级 比较级级

good(好的)/betterbest

well(健康的)

bad (坏的)/ worse worst

ill(有病的)

old (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest

much/many(多的) more most

little(少的)lessleast

far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest

4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as +形容词+ a +单数名词

as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much as you can..

This room is tw as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is tw as large as mine.

Your room is tw the size of mine.

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意：

1）要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more clrer than his brother.

(对) He is more clr than his brother.

(对) He is clr than his brother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。

比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

4.10 可修饰比较级的词

1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, n等

2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

1）---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good

D. quite better

：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more B.much more C.much

D.more much

：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确。

3）If there were no examinations, we should he ___ at school.

A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D.a much happier time

：D。

4.11 many,old 和 far

1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词

many more +可数名词复数

2) old 有两种比较级和级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

My elder brother is an engineer.

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。

在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。

I he nothing further to say.

4.12 the + 级 + 比较范围

1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

形容词级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词级前可不用。

形容词most前面没有the，不表示级的含义，只表示"非常"。

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

注意： 使用级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2) 下列词可修饰级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意：

a. very可修饰级，但位置与much不同。

This is the very best.

This is much the best.

b. 序数词通常只修饰级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

3) 句型转换：

Mike is the most int in his class.

Mike is more int than any other students in his class.

4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示级含义。

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

4.13 和more有关的词组

1) the more… the more…越……就越……

The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.

2) more B than A与其说A不如说B

less A than B

He is more lazy than slow at his work.

= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

3) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多

The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

no less… than…与……一样……

He is no less dit than you.

4) more than不只是，非常

She is more than kind to us all.

典型例题

1）The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America B. one in America C. America

D. that in America

：D. 本题意为"的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。

2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as tw manyB. as many twC. tw as manyD. tw many as

C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。 表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句为C。

This ruler is three times as long as that one.