2017高考英语知识点总结:代词
You must come with us.2017高考英语知识点总结:代词
历年英语高考词语运用 2021高考英语词组
历年英语高考词语运用 2021高考英语词组
历年英语高考词语运用 2021高考英语词组
代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为,每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式,构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微别都是高考的必考点。其中不定代词one,the one,ones与that,those,it的用法区别。
考点一? 考查one(s), that, those, it的用法
[考点解读]
● one泛指一个人或物?其复数形式为ones? one和the one作同位语时,如果与其同位的词语是特指,则用the one;如果是泛指,则用one,?
● that指代前面提到过的名词,常有后置定语? that的复数形式是those? that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词,或指代前面提到过的一件事?
● it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例7;指代一件事,如例8;指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人,也可指代时间?天气?距离等0?
二? 考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法
[考点解读]
● both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的任何一个”,如例13; neither表示“两者都不”?
● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”,
三? 考查another, the other, others, the others的用法
[考点解读]
● another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个,如例19? another还可以作形容词,表示“另一个的”
● others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物”
● the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”,如例23?如果被指代的名词是不可数名词,则用the rest替代,
四? 考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法
[考点解读]
● few和little可用作代词和形容词? few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数? few有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词? little有否定含义, a little含肯定含义?
● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some也可用于疑问句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”。
五? 考查soming, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, rything, rybody的用法及它们与else的搭配
[考点解读]
● 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致?
● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定?
● 无论在肯定句?否定句还是疑问句中, rything和ryone (rybody) 都表示“全部,所有”?
● 不定代词后跟else时,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰soming/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后?以上不定代词连写时,不和of连用,ry one可和of连用?
【精选试题】 模拟题及其
1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. rything B. anything
C. soming D. nothing
2. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
5“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
6.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D误: You maybe right.. other
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. ry D. either
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
11.I didn’t make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A.this B that C it D one
12 To l you the truth..really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.
A.which B that C it D.what
13.一Which one can I take?
一You can take of them;I’ll keep none.
A.both B.any C.either D.all
14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir?
一I’ll take ,to he n change sometimes.
A.allthem
B.them dl C.both them D them b0Ih
15.The movie is boring;it is,in fact,rather exeiting and interesting
A anything but B nothing but C no more D all but
16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the house
A.rything B.anything C.nothing D soming
17.I he been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI hen’t covered of the city
A.anything
B.much C many D plenty
18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followed
A her B.herself C.her own D.she
19.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies,especially yoeferred to jusl now.
A as B which C the one D that
20.If a studem can make what has been learned wher in class of from social pract ,he will make steady progress.
A he B him C himself D his
21.一Do you want tea or coffee?
一 really don't mind
A.None B Neither C Either D All
22.The mar belis prs will not rise by more than four percent.
A.any other B the other C another D other
23.The mar was very angry,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy,half of unqualified.
A.whom B what C them D.which
24一Did you visit many places while you were in Canada?
一Yes,
A.afew quite B only few C.only afew D quite few
25 In somecountries, is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all people
A that B what C which D how
26一May I he a glass of beer.please?
一Beer?Sorry,there is left,but would you mind hing,some ju instead?
A none B.no one C nothing D few
27.一When can we goto visit you?
一Anytime you feel like
A.one B it C so D thal
28 We need a more capable leader, with strong will as well as good humour.
A who B.that C.one D.which
29.The number 2008 is a special number, I think,that will be remembered hy the Chinese forr.
A.which B what C one D.it
30.一How do you like his wife?
一She is like a good housekeeper,for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.
A Somebody B nobody C soming D.nothing
——与解析9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法——
1【解析】此题应选 A,注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not 与 rything 构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意”,前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接,语气通顺、连贯。
2【解析】为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词,由于better 用的是比较级,说明比较的对象应是两者,由此可推知第二空应填both;另一方面,由于所谈论的是两者,说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确,所以空应填 which。
3【解析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer,而是除这两者外的第三者,故第二空应填 the most,即此题为C。
4【解析】此题选D,主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关,全句句意为:“我在某一本书上读到过它,是哪一本书这很重要吗?”
5【解析】此题为D。句意为:“谁告诉你的?”“噢,有个人,我忘记是哪一个了。”
6【解析】此题为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了,但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7【解析】为C。是从语法上看,another 后通常接单数名词,而不接trousers 这样的复数名词(若用 another pair 则可以);也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。应选C,others 相当于 other trousers,其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。
8【解析】为D。使用one … the other … 时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”;如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other,而考虑用 another。
9【解析】此题容易误选A,认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms,故填 all 与之对应。其实,此题的应为B,原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its,它表示空格处应填一个单数代词,但是不能选C,因为 ry 不能这样单独使用。
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a . 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11 C。【解析】it代替后面的when and where的从句。其他选项均无此用法。
12 C。【解析】考查代词。1t指代空格后面的内容。
13 D。【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句中的none说明所拿走的东西至少有三个,而且后句表示可以全部拿走,所以选D。
14 D。【解析】句中的prefer说明是在两者之间进行选择,排除A、B。both修饰代词或名词应为botll of them或they both。所以应为D。
15 A。【解析】考查代词短语。anything but t表示根本不,决不;nothing but仅仅,只有,all but几乎,不多。由下文实际上,这个电影相当令人兴奋和有趣可知,上句应为这个电影根本不乏味。故选A。
16 B。【解析】从题意可知.Alan把大部分财产都变卖了,房里几乎没有什幺东西了。用anything与否定词连用,hardly anything=nothing,故选B。
17 B。【解析】表示整体中的一部分,且这个整体是单数或不可数名词时,前面的代词用much。故选B。
18.B。【解析】此处表示往自己身后看.故用反身代词作宾语。
19 C。【解析】考查代词的用法。The one特指yoeferred to jusl now.。
20 D。【解析】句意为如果一个学生能将无论是通过课堂还是实践学到的东西变成自己的东西,他将会取得稳定的进步。此处是名词性物主代词,作宾语补足语。故选D。
2l C。【解析】考查代词none,neither,either,all的用法。根据上句可知,此处是在两者之间进行选择,而且从后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是两者中哪一个都可以,所以选C。
22 C。【解析】考查不定代词的用法。题干中的意思是价格不会再增长超过4%。any other任一其他的;the other(两者中)另外一个;another另外.又,放在数词前面;other表示另外,和more一样,要放在数字的后面。故选C。
23 C。【解析】考查人称代词作主格的逻辑主语。句意:非常生气,因为他已发给他商业伙伴两千台机器,其中一半有质量问题。half of unqualified.是主格结构,half of 是unqualified的逻辑主语,of是介词,所以此处要用宾格。
24 C。【解析】quite修饰名词时要放在冠词前,排除选项A,选项B、D都表示几乎设有的意思,只有选项c表示有几个。根据下句的肯定回答可知选c。
25 B。【解析】此处为what名词性从句,what在从句中作主语。
26 A,【解析】此处none指代none of the beer,其他选项均不符合句意。
27 B。【解析】lt用来指代上文所提到的内容。
28.C。【解析】考查代词辨析。此处应用one作a more capable leader的同位语。句意:我们需要一个更有能力的,一个意志坚定又富有幽默感的。
29 C。【解析】这里one指代前面的a special number,hat will be remembered hy the Chinese forr.是修饰one的定语从句,I think是插入语。
30 D。【解析】根据下文for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.可知,D为正确,考生应注意对She is nothing like a good housekeeper的正确理解,其意思是:她完全不像是一个好主妇。
职高英语高考作文常用词语
◆利用构2. should、will、ought词法with the fall of the depth of most误: He is no oking now. species of tree lees a golden lee begin to fall from the trees
定语从句用法详解[高考英语语法]
● the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个定语从句详解
首先,(任何)从句结构:“关联词+从句主语+从句谓语”
位置:从句之首,主句先行词之后。
成分:关系代词和关系副词均在定语从句中充当句子成分。
非限制性定语从句:
(1)反作补充说明,与主语关系不甚密切,朗读时先行词用降调并稍做停顿,多半逗号与主句隔开。
(2)能修饰整个句子,限制性定语从句则不能。与限制性定语从句含义不同,限制-是确指,非限制性定语从句是泛指。
(3)先行词为{专有名词,具有特指对象的名词}一般要用到非限制性定语从句。
(4)关系代词不能用that ,先行词指{人:用who、whom;物:which }
关系代词与介词
“介词+关系代词”既能非限制性定语从句,又能非限制性定语从句。介词要根据先行词、从句的谓语动词、从句中的形容词来选择,也可根据句意选择。
I.介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词短语只能用which代物;和用whom代人;whose还可在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。
This is the of whom we are proud.
I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.
The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.
II.当介词放在句子的末尾时,可用that/which代物,that/whom/who来作为介词的宾语,且这个做介词宾语的关系代词往往忽略
This is the that (who/whom/忽略) we are proud of.
特:
(1)from where为”介词+关系副词”结构,where作from的宾语,但也可定语从句。例如:
We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.
(2) 有些动词+介词所组成的短语动词,关系非常紧密,介词不能前置。例如:listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of
关系代词的省略
首先注意只有限定性定语从句才能省略,非限定性定语从句不能省略。
在下列情况下,可以省略关系代词。
i. 当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语的时候
The people (who) we met at the party w例:①It disappointed rybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)ere very friendly to us.
ii. 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语,而介词在句尾时
Here is the man (that) you he been looking for.
iii. 关系代词在从句中作系动词的表语时
Shang Hai is no longer the city (that) it used to be.
iv. who、which、that在there be句型中作从句主语时;和先行词为way(表示“方法”、“手段”时,定语从句用that或in which),关系代词总是省略。
There is an old man (who ) wants to see you.
The number of motorcycles(that/which)there are in Shangyu is simply surprising.
I don’t like the way (that) you talk to somebody else.
定语从句注意事项
一、认清定语从句中的分隔现象。
有时命题者为了加大试题难度,往往把定语从句融入其它结构之中来考查考生的综合运用能力,其常用的命题手段就是将定语从句的某一部分用插入语的方式分隔开,使考生分不清楚句子结构,从而误选。
Miss Yang was the only girl in the off who had been invited to the party.(这里先行词girl和关系代词who之间被介词短语in the off隔开了,不能误把off作先行词。)
He took away all the flowers, which, of course, made the others unhappy.(这里of course是插入语,增加了句子的难度,如果将其去掉,句子结构就简单多了。)
二、掌握定语从句中的主谓一致。
这是指当先行词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须在人称和数上与之保持一致。
The girl has put all the pictures in a box, which look pretty.(先行词pictures是复数,在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语用复数形式。)
He is the only one of the doctors in the hospital who has two cars.( 在"one of +名词"结构中,通常名词是先行词;但在one前加the only,则one是先行词,故句子谓语用has。)
特:① one of + 复数名词 +关系代词+复数型动词
②the (only) one of + 复数名词+关系代词+单数型动词
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been
produced in Hollywood.
三、区分定语从句与其相似句型。
在实际运用中,要分清到底是定语从句,还是并列句、状语从句、强调句或其它句型,然后再来确定关联词。
Mr Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf.(这里and连接的是并列句,不能用whom代替them。如去掉and,就必须用whom代替them构成定语从句。)
IE)关系代词which的用法t was last night that the terrible fire broke out. (这里是"It was+被强调部分+that... "构成的强调句型,故连接词不用when。)
四、 What名词性从句,不能用于定语从句中。
关系代词用法
A)as的定语从句。
在中学英语中,as的定语从句必须掌握以下两个要点:
1. 用在the same... as;such... as;as much;as many结构中,as作主语,宾语或表语。代替先行词是人或物的名词。
I he the same mobile phone as you (he). (as作宾语)
He is such a kind man as often s others.(as作主语)
同时,要区分such... as与such... that...的用法,在such... that... 结构中,that状语从句,且在从句中不作成分。
He is such a kind man that all of us like him. (从句主、宾语不缺,故用that,不用as。)
2. as非限制性定语从句,通常先行词为整个句子,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语,用来代表主句所表达的意思
它的定语从句可位于主句之前,句子之中,主句之后。Which只能在句后,而且as有“正如”,“就象”义;而which一般强调主句所产生的结果。
As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. =Taiwan is part of China, as / which is known to us all.
常用的2:as is said above,as already mentioned above,as is known to all,as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in thenews ,see,expect。
B)关系代词who的用法
(1) who 的前行词必须是人,在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾
语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词,如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:
(介词+whom)
This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.
She is the girl whom (who) I went there with. (可以替代)
She is the girl with whom I went there. (不可替代)
(2)who,that在很多情况下可以通用,但是有些情况只能用who:
1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to l the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Don’t l anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.
2. 先行词为those的时候,宜用who为关系代词
Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes
made of the magic cloth.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in
Chinese.
4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
5. 在there be 开头的句子中
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
C)关系代词whose的用法
whose是代词的所有格,修饰名词,它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候,它相当于of which。这种定语从句可以转化为“the+(whose在从句中所修饰的名词)+of+which(whom)”的非限定性定语从句,先行词指人时用whom,先行词指物时用which。
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
I’ll call a person whose father knows you.
Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of whichyou know)
Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book the cover of which is red)
D) 关系代词that的用法:
从句中作主语时不能that省略,作宾语时可省略。
①首先特别注意,that只能用在限定性定语从句中,在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that, 另外介词后边也不可用that, 而是跟which。
②在限定性定语从句中,which和that在代替物的时候,一般可以通用。
有些情况下,只宜用that,而不宜用which
I. 先行词是级形容词或者它前面有级形容词修饰的时候
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these
years.
II. 先行词是序数词,或者它前面有一个序数词修饰的时候
He is the last person (that) I want to see.
It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve r seen.
III. 先行词既有人又有物,宜用that
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the pol station.
IV. 先行词是all, much, little,few, soming, anything, rything, nothing,none, the one等不定代词时
You should hand in all that you he.
We hen’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
V. 先行词被不定代词修饰,如all, any, ry, few, little, no, some,no sooner等。例如:
You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何玩具。
VI. 先行词前面Only, one of,the only, the same, the very,the last 等词修饰的时候。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
VII. 主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praixed at the meeting?
VIII. 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had nr been seen before.
which作主语、宾语、表语。作表语时指人、物,指人时一般指从事某种职业或有某种特征、品性、才能的人。
用法:which还有一种特殊用法,它可以从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表达的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可作主语、宾语、表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似,并可指人。例如:
He succeeded in the compitition,which made his parents very happy.
:
①如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。
②如果作先行词的是anyone,anybody,ryone,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which。例如:
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
③定语从句中不能作定语,但有时“whose+n.”=“the+n.+of+which”
④在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which, 不宜用that.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
⑤在限定性定语从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用,但是有时只宜用which而不用that:
I 关系代词前面有介词的时候
This is the ho in which you will stay.
II 如果有两个定语从句,其中的一句的关系词是that, 另一句宜用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us。
如何正确地区分定语从句与同位语从句
一、 定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如:
1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the . 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。例如:
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
例1中的词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。
三、定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如:
1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。
3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。
例3中why的是定语从句,why可以被 for which或 that 代替;例4中 why的是同位语从句,why 不能省去,也不能被其它词代替。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。例如:
上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则是:
The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句。
1. The sibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。
2. Her mother was worried about the sibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。
例1中的sibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式;例2中的sibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式。
六、由when, why, where的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如:
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来的那天。
2. I he no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。
4. The question where we shall he a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决定。
例1、3中的when和 where的是定语从句,day 和house分别表示时间和地点;例2、4中的when和 where的是同位语从句.
关系副词和定语从句
I.关系副词也可以定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。
When:表示“……时候的”,是关系副词限制、非限制性定语从句,修饰指时间的名词,且在从句中作时间状语。
This is the hour when the place is full of people.
Where:作地点状语,先行词是指地点的名词,限制、非限制性定语从句。
注:先行词是指地点的名词时,谓语动词是及物的就用that(which),负责就用where.
Why或for which:作原因状语,先行词必须是the reason。但是the reason在从句中作主语或宾语时要用that,which。
II. that可定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
高考英语语法复习系列讲座-动词词义辨析
5.良好的学习品质 ,敏捷的思维活动 ,正确的思考习惯。要求学生善于捕捉信息 ,理解深刻 ,推导合理 ,判断准确。语法复习九:动词词义辨析
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数形式。例如:动词是是的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, g; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:aise, a; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:
explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask, give, call, make, find,
get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:
give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
(一)易混动词
1、lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):
放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词
躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词
说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词
2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
3、hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。
5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是g;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a , an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如用三到四分钟再浏览一遍文章,知道文章总体大概意思,每段大概意思:总体意思是在超市购物方便.段意思是由谁谁创造个超市以来,虽然时间短但怎么(有待第三遍细推敲);第二段意思是在超市购物与在其它商店购物不同之一;第三段意思是在超市购物与在其它商店购物不同之二;第三段意思是在超市购物与在其它商店购物不同之三。果接人则有另外的含意。如:I he won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:
Shut your mouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指、公路交闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。
15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。
16、reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如:
she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work.
18、lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用
lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、he on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。he on与wear作穿着状态讲;但he on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:
I dress my children in the morning ry day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:
we shou1d he to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 与l
英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, l,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say与l是及物动词,其中l常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn’t l time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是l,如:Can you l me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:
The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 与sorry
excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care for 与care to do
care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:
Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有:aise(v.), a (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), cho(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,a表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、动词 + 介词to的词组有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to,
turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in,
take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
(二)动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点:
1、根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when ryone had left.
晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn ry light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:She's got more work than she can cope with.
她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的异。如:①hear from收到…的来信,hear of听说。 ②look after照料,look at看,look for寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的异。如:①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的异。如:look for寻找, call for去取(某物),去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的异。如:①break out发生,爆炸, carry out进行,开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。
动词词义辨析检测练习
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.
A. point B.speak C.say D.l
2.I ____ you will write me back soon.
A. wish B.hope C.want D.need
3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could he a word with him.
A. spend B. spare C.se D. share
4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.
A. he B.let C. agree D. allow
5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a all boy.
A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run
6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.
A. send B.pick C.ride D.take
7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.
A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives
8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
9. These boxes are too hey for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.
A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.
A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.
A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the off and I'll he to fetch it.
A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost
13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.
A. make B.do C.give D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.
A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran
15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.
A. ells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.
A. get Be C. reach D. arrive
17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.
A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost
18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.
19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?
A.give B.lee C.carry D.take
21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?
A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.
A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clr enough to study music.
26.I ____ the evision set for 1,500 yuan.
A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent
27.I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should
be back for lunch now.
A.after B.at C.for D.up
29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down
30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.
A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off
31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through
32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Snth Wonder.
A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.
A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up
34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.
A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fr. We must____ a doctor at once.
A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up
36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and
we'll go there toge;
A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up
37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.
A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out
38. Your comition must be ____ after class.
A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over
39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.
41. ____! There's er ahead.
A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out
42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.
A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down
43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on
44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.
A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't
really want to continue it.
A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on
46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the pol were waiting for them.
A. breaking out B. breaking into
C. breaking up D. breaking away from
A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.
A. ge out B. ge in C. ge up D. ge away
49. He was always the last to lee in order to clean up the workroom
and ____ the tools.
A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after
A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through
1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 CDBDB 21-25 AADAC
26-30 AACAB 31-35 CDCBC 36-40 ADCBA 41-45 DBDAD 46-50 BDCAD
九年级英语词语运用
A. be B. should be C.was D. would be本回答作为参考!词语运用题也就是给一些词,根据文章内容,用它们适当的形式填空,使文章通顺、完整。一般情况下,多给两个词,每空只能填一个词。这种题型的目的是考察学生在掌握英语词汇、语法的基础上综合运用词汇、语法的能力,也考察了学生阅读能力及其阅读面是否广。这是英语高考的其中一个题型,而在初中英语各种考试、练习题上近年来才出现,教师和学生对这种题陌生,做起来不太得心应手,错误率高。下面我谈一下鄙人的拙见。
英语文章一般是按“总—分—总”这样一种思路来写的,也就是说,文章的第 1 句或第 2 句 多半为“总写”,为文章的主题句(topic sentence),后面的文字就围绕它展开论述;而一句(尾句)或倒数第 2 句,就是在论述的基础上进行总结,得出结论或发出感慨。同样,往往每一段的第 1 句 又为这一段的主题句;末尾的句子又为这一段的结论。因此,在一定程度上考生可以从首尾句入手,推测全文的内容,从而迅速理解全文。当然,有些文章的主题句并不在句子的首、尾,而在文章的中间;有的文章甚至没有主题句,这就要求考生灵活处理。首先,老生常谈,还是得平时先熟练掌握单词的汉语意思、句型、语法基础知识。
其次,掌握做题技巧。不妨采取下列步骤试一试。
以九年级英语《南阳教研》第139面上的这个词语运用题为例。所给词有:open
relax park buy easy floor find shelf few different call busy 。文章是这样的
Today supermarkets are 1 in most large cities,but it was only about 69 years
ago that a man 2 Michael Cullen 析: a 是名词,aise 是动词。 3 the first one in New York.
A supermarket is different from other stores in sral ways. In a supermarket,
goods are placed on open 4 .The customers themselves to what they want
to buy and take them to the cheek out counter. This means 5 workers are needed.
Another 6 is that in front of the cheek out counter are cheaper things like
candies, chocolate,magazines,etc. Why do they put them there ?Well, most customers
buy from a shopping list. They pick up what they really need to buy. Yet when they
come to the cheek out counter,they are glad to get the shopping done and feel 7 .
At the counter ,many may feel like 8 soming just for fun.
Besides all this, many shopping centers he a big 9 spaces and they close
late in the ning.This makes shopping 10 for working mothers.
用一分钟左右时间快速浏览一遍文章,知道文章是在讲超市的事,这是遍阅读。
第三遍读文章。读前看一下所给的每一词,想一下所给词的所有意思,边读边做。这个时候有些空不需要思考就知道填哪个词。如,1填find 的过去分词found“什么什么被建立”。2填called因为是“叫什么什么的”意思。3填opened因为“创立”的意思。4填shelf“架子”,适当考虑结构后知道得用shelves,因为前没有a an the。6填“区别”,经过考虑结构后知道填所给词different 的名词difference.8填“买”,因为意思是“买东西只是为了娱乐”,再想起词组feel like doing sth.,所以填buying.这一遍后就剩 5 7 9 10没填了。
第四遍仔细推敲意思并试着填剩下的单词。能迅速试出5填few ,因为意思是顾客自己能买、能带他们所需要的东西,更少的就不需要了,就势想起得用fewer.7试着填剩下的,试到“放松”这个词的意思,再回头快速地看一下就确切地判断填“放松”,因为意思很通顺,再考虑结构“人感觉放松”用过去分词,所以填relax 的relaxed形式。10 试着填“繁忙”busy,意思不对,试到“容易”,“使购物容易”文章就是在讲这个意思。容易的考虑完了,就剩9了,所给词也就剩park、floor、busy这三个词了。即使错也就是这个空,但还不能放弃,继续根据意思、根据结构来分析。口头再翻译这段文章(这时笔头翻译,便于反复修改),“除了上面所有的区别之外,购物中心有大的_空间,而且它们关门晚,这使上班辛劳的妈妈们购物容易”;floor “地板”“地板空间”与“妈妈购物容易”联系不明显,busy“繁忙的”“繁忙的空间” 与“妈妈购物容易”意思相反了,不可能填它;park有“公园;停车”的意思,对了,“停车的空间”, “停车的空间” 与“妈妈购物容易”有必然联系,而且哪个超市门前没有停车的?妈妈骑车上班下班,途中进超市购物,把车往停车空间一放,静心购物吧——多方便!这时不要因知道填什么词而太激动,保持清醒的头脑,继续分析用park的什么形式。“停车的”语感上觉得得填parking,虽然说不出道理,只知道若填parked,是“被停的”,显然意思不对。
经过这样推敲,百分之百很OK! 不用再读第五遍了。当然平时学习很下功夫的同学,基础知识掌握的熟,做题多、训练的多,做题已经很熟练了,再加上脑子反应快,对这种题型估计看一遍后,第二遍就能大部分做出来,第三遍时就能全做出来而且准确率很高。作为老师我们当然最喜欢这样的学生,可是我们得面向所有的学生,所以希望老师们按照鄙人介绍的方法对做这种题型来试一试,经过反复的试会越来越好。也希望同学们不但考试时按照我所说的方法来做题,平时更要试一试,因为功到自然成嘛,达到一定程度你就不知道你在用哪种方法,就是做题准确。
高考英语书面表达的高级词汇
(3)used to不能跟表确定时间短的时间状语连用。高考英语书面表达的高级词汇
误: The two sisters look like.近几年的高考《考试说明》中,关于高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档(很好)中有这样一段话:"应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致,高考书面表达怎样运用复杂结构和高级词汇。"这就是说,学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达无语法错误,也不能得高分;相反有些错误,目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇,也不扣分,仍属于档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度,有利于反映学生的.水平层次,有利于指导教学。原来"要点完整,语言无误,行文连贯,表达清楚"的标准就落后了。
在平时的教学中,训练最多的,学生们也最习惯的是五种基本句型:①主语+谓语;②主语+谓语+宾语;③主语+谓语+间接宾语;④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;⑤主语+谓语+宾语+补足语。用这些句型组织的句子单一、无生气,不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受。客观形势对我们提出了高难度的要求,我们怎样才能对书面表达进行科学的作?怎样才能控制写作呢?本文拟就这一课题进行讨论,希望能给学生 四、使用过去分词以启迪,调动积极性,开拓思维,培养创新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,使文章有声有色。
一、改变时态
例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)
There goes the bell! (高级)
二、改变语态
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can me.(一般)
He is so kind as to me.(高级)
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级)
②Once it is seen, it can nr be forgotten.(一般)
Once seen, it can nr be forgotten.(高级)
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)
②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)
I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)
六、使用名词性从句
The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed rybody.(高级)
②I happened to he met him.(一般)
It happened that I had met him.(高级)
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)
七、使用定语从句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her comition was well written.(一般)
The girl whose comition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)
八、使用状语从句
例:①I won't beli what he says.(一般)
No matter what he says, I won't beli.(高级)
②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)
You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高级)
③If she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Suping that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高级)
;
高考英语语法:高中英语语法-词义猜测“十法”(一)
(3)be used to do表示“被用来”。《高中英语语法-词义猜测“十法”(一)》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请。
Polly ought to try a new hair style.词义猜测“十法”(一)
在高考的“阅读理解”题中,经常见到一些猜测词义的题目。这种题目旨在考查考生根据上下文提供的语境猜测单词或短语含义的能力,这种能力既涉及到考生的语言知识水平,也涉及到考生的语言运用能力和综合素质水平。本文结合历年高考试题,就如何做好词义猜测题提供一些方法,供考生参考。
一 . 常见的设问方式:
词义猜测题主要有以下几种常见的设问方式:
1. The underlined word “…” probably means __________.
2. The word “…” in the … paragraph refers to _____________.
3. The phrase “…” in the … sentence can be replaced by _____________.
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the … paragraph?
6. By saying “…” we mean _____________.
7. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
二 . 词义猜测十法
◆定义解释法
有些文章,特别是科技文章,通常会用逗号、破折号引出对某一个单词的定义或解释性说明,我们应充分利用这些定义或解释性说明来推测单词或短语的含义。例如:
( NMET 2004 , B 篇 61 题) There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug,called ARICEPT,has been used by millions of people to reli their symptoms (症状) .
61. What is AIRCEPT?
A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s.
B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
解析be suped to 意为“被期望,应该”,表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事,或认为做某事是正常的。:句中的“ a drug, called ARICEPT ,… to their symptoms ”就是给 ARICEPT 下的一个定义,故为 C .
◆利用举例法
有时,有些文章为了证实或说明某一观点,经常会列举一些例子。我们可以充分利用这些例子来猜测生词的含义。例如:
( NMET 2001 全国, A 篇 56 题) The largest player —— Shanghai Bashi Touri Car Rental offers a wide variety of chos —— deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches,Santana sedans are the big forites.
56. The words “ deluxe sedans ” ,“ minivans ” and “ station wagons ” used in the text refer to __________.
A. cars in the
B. car rental firms
C. cars for rent
D. car makers
解析:文中谈到上海巴士旅游汽车出租公司能提供很多种汽车供选择,下面列举的当然是可供租用的各种类型的汽车了,故为 C .
英语中有很多单词是通过一定的构词法生成的,如果我们掌握了一定的英语构词法知识,就可以根据构词法来推测文中生词的含义。例如:
Car rentals (出租)are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads.
解析:句中的斜体词 inexpensive 是由 expensive 派生而来的。 expensive 是形容词,意为“昂贵的”, in- 是表示否定意义的前缀。因此,我们可以推知 inexpensive 意为“便宜的”。
◆语境推断法
英语单词的一个特点是一词多义,一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。离开了一定的语言环境,词汇的意义就难以确定。因此很多词的词义可以根据上下文来推测出来。例如:
( NMET 2004 浙江, B 篇 61 题) These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, actories,and offs. “ Green building ” means “ reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land ” ,Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington,D.C., said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined words “ the building ” most probably refers to ______________.
A. an ordinary building
B. an energy-sing building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington,D.C.
解析:该段第二句提到了当今的 green building 是指环保型的 houses, factories 和 offs .第三句指出环保型建筑就是要减少 the building 对地球造成的(不良)影响。由上下文可以推断,为 A .
◆同义词法
很多情况下,在生词出现的上下文中,有时会出现由并列连词 and 或 or 连接的与之同义或近义的词语,我们可以通过这些熟悉的同义词或近义词的意义来推知该生词的含义或它的义域。例如:
( NMET 2003 全国, C 篇 65 题) In 1963,a schoolboy called Andrew,while reading in his school library, came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem : Fermat’s Last Theorem (定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the snth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major aance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “ baffle ” as it is used in the text?
A. To exncourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
解析:从上下文看, and 把 baffled 与 beaten 连接起来,表示它们是并列关系,应该是同义词,故为 B .[1][2] 《高中英语语法-词义猜测“十法”(一)》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86
运用于英语作文中的连接词,(高考)及翻译
50.____ this article and l me what you think of it.好的东西要分享
10【解析】正确应选A。因为 anything but 是习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:1. With the of 在~~帮助下
The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。under the leadership / care of 在~~/关心下
2. be strict with . 对~人要求严格
be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格
3. at present=at the present time 目前
for the present 暂时
4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下
under the sun 在世界上
5. lie in 位于~~之内
lie on 同~~接壤
lie to 位于~~之外
in the least 丝毫,一点
in the name of 以~~名义
8. in the air 空中,在流传
on the air 播出
in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上
get one’s own way to do 随心所欲
give way 让步,屈服
lose one’s way 迷路
by the way 顺便说一下
on one’s way to 在去~~的路上
Come this way 这边走
10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角)
in the corner 在角落里(内角)
on the corner 在角落上(外角上)
11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断
judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断
12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时
at the beginning of 在~~开始时
09年高考英语的高频词组?
(2)be/get/become used to 表示“习惯于”时,意为“变得习惯于“或“开始习惯于”。50个高考英语必备的高频词组
(望采纳)1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with rybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去
14. give . an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:She ge them away.
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame . for sth. ; blame sth. on . ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
20. be acquainted with(=to he knowledge of) 了解; (=to he met socially) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
I.从词类的角度来看,4级主要考动词、名词、形容词三大实词,其中又以动词为多,约占40%。除此以外短语、副词及有语义理解要求的介词和连词也是考查的对象. II. 命题规律:五种常考题型1. 近形异义词题:考查词形相近,词义完全不同或部分相近的词的辨析.如:rise/ arise/ raise; attribute/contribute; confirm/ conform/confine/confront; insure/ensure/assure; expand/expend; sensible/sensitive; 2. 近义词辨析题:词义相近或相反的词的辨析;(of)/ charge (with); bare/ blank/ hollow/ vacant/ empty; case/ affair, nt/ incident; continual/continuous; enormous/ numerous; range/extent; involve/contain/include; pay/fund/fare/deit; audience/viewer/witness; innocent/guilty; result in/result from; alter/differ/vary; view/look/sight等 如:error/mistake/fault(find fault with)/flaw; step/pace (keep pace with); particular(挑剔的)/specific/special; strike/ rub/ hit; store/ provision, reserve/supply(in short supply); alternative (供替代的选择)/cho/option等表面考辩义,其实考搭配或其他不同含义的词. 3. 短语动词题:同一动词与不同介词或副词组成的短语动词的词义辨析;如:break, come, go, get, run, set, take, work等构成的短语动词4、同根词题:如alive, lively, live, living; dislike, unlike, alike, liking; rise, arise等;5、固定搭配:⑴一些常用的介词搭配,如:at ’s request; at ’s disal; at … interval; he aantage over; be in contact with; be popular with; remind/convince/accuse…of; be critical of; be disappointed with; range from…to…; to a large extent; participate in; take part in; be patient with; on the point of; regard… as; be second to(考过未选)等⑵一些常用词组,如:make sense (of); keep pace with; concentrate/focus on; ime on; lay/put/place emphasis on; be oped to(考过未选); be optimistic about; be preferable to; be responsible for(考过未选); run a risk等.III. 解题技巧:1、解题三步:1)读题干句,了解句子意思,分析句间的内在关系;2)快速浏览四个选项,掌握选项信息;3)分析选项,从逻辑、语法两方面做出正确选择。2、选择的线索1)根据上下文意思的相互补充说明确定正确选项;She is a very _______secretary: she nr forgets anything or make a mistakeA anxious B effective C adequate D efficient 2)根据上下文的转折关系确定正确选项;Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak _______ Chinese. A fluid B ooth C fluent D flowi
高考英语语法填空的做题技巧
6. at least 至少导语:语法填空是近年高考英语推出的一种新题型,这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。换句话说,语法填空题还是有一定难度的,接下来我给大家介绍老师总结的做题技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:高考英语语法填空的做题技巧
A. like B. expect C. think D.need一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一:名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二:动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三:代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和的变化。构成比较级和的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的还要冠以the。
例:I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五:数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀一、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/tw
例:To my three sons I lee my sn horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three).
从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六:词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness).
在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七:固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中。
例1:The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enj0y oneself短语,故其为themselves。
例2:His boss was____angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...,所以,so是正解。
技巧八:从句词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对词的掌握程度。
例1:He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的词,此词在从旬中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。
例2:Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。
技巧九:短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1:The us consists____fifty states.
根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由......组成”,所以是of。
例2:Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for
lee to take_____of her.
生病需要人照顾,所以是care,与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十:短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语,如:except for,due to等。
例1:Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。
例2:Just then,he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察,可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of,此题得解。
技巧十一:连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有both…and...,either…or...,neither…nor...,not only…but also...等。
例1:Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_____his family was too poor.
此处表示原因,的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的`因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。
例2:____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and,故为Both。
技巧十二:冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:howr,nr,yet,much等。
例1:Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。
例2:Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。
条横线可由前面的the same断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义,故为than。
例4:It was only one day left,_____,his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以是howr。
技巧十三:上下文中出现的相关词。
这一招是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。
的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。
例:Tony____trelling abroad,but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向,能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。
高考英语情态动词语法知识点与用法
误: Tom will take your aise.在英语学习中,情态动词经常出现,同时它也有很多讲究呢。比如dare就很强硬,比较负面,而may就比较的和善,为了避免在谈话时把“讨论”变成“攻击”,我们一定要学会善用情态动词哦!我整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
7. by name 名叫高考英语情态动词语法知识点
情态动词
一、can和could
1、can的用法
(1)表示体力和脑力方面的能力。
(2)表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
(3)表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。
(4)表示允许,意思与may接近。
(5)表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
(6)can的特殊句型
cannot…too / enough表示“无论怎么。。。也不过分”。“越。。。越好”。
cannot but+ do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。
2、could的用法
(1)表示能力,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示允许,指的是过去时间。
(3)表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。
(4)委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。
3、can与could的区别
can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。
4、can与be able to的区别
(1)现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。
(2)完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用he(has,had)been able to。
(3)将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。
(4)过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。
二、may 和might
1、may的用法
(1)表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。
(2)表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。
注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。
2、might的用法
(1)表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。
3、may与might的特殊用法
(2)“may/ might well+动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。
(3)“may/ might as well+动词原形”表示,满可以,倒不如。
(4)may be 是“情态动词+系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。
maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。
三、must的用法
1、表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。
2、must和he to 的区别:
(1)must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;he to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法,he to强调客观需要。
(2)must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但he to有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。
(3)在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t he to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。
3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示禁止。若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t he to。
注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t he to。
4、must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。
5、must用来表示推测,意为i“准是,肯定是”,一般用于肯定句,肯定程度比may,might大的多。
四、need的用法
1、need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
2、回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t he to。
3、need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
4、need to do和need doing
need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。
注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。
5、needn’t he done与didn’t need to do
needn’t he done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事
didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事
五、dare的用法
1、dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。
2、dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
注意:(1)I dare say意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。
(2)dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。
(3)dare可用于激将或挑战。例:He dared me to jump down.
六、will和would
1、will的用法
(1)可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。
(2)可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。
(3)表示命令(说话这确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。
(4)will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。
(5)用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。
2、would的用法
(1)作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。
(2)用与第二人称,表示谦恭的请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。
(3)表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。
(4)would4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)表意愿用于词组中。
Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love)
Would rather “宁愿”。
1、shall的用法
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、、允诺或威胁。
(3)用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。
2、should的用法
(1)表示义务、或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。
(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
(3)多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。
(4)ought to和should的比较
A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性,和should用法一样。
B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。
八、had better 意为“”,’d better 为其缩写形式,其后续跟动词原形。
注意:had better 的否定形式had better not。
九、used to “过去常常”,仅用于过去时态中,通常用于所有人称。
2、其反意疑问句简略回答中,也有两种形式:didn’t ,use(d)n’t
3、used to 和would的区别
(1)used to 可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作。
(2)used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有“过去如此,现在已不再这样了”之意。Would仅表示过去习惯性动作,没有预先在对比的含义。
(4)used to 可用于无人称句和存在句,而would则不可。
4、used to与be used to do和be used to doing
(1)used to表示“过去常常”隐含现在不这样了,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词原形,仅用于过去时态。
十、情态动词后的某些动词形式
1、情态动词+he done
(1)“must+he+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
(2)“can't+he+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
(3)“can+he+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”
(4)“could+he+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
(5)“may+he+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
(6)“might+he+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。
(7)“would+he+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的设,意思是“本来会做”。
(8)“should+he+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't + he+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
(9)“ought to+he+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+he+done”用法基本一样。
(10)“need+he+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+he+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
2、情态动词+be doing:表示对现在正在做的事情的推测。
十一、含有某些情态动词的反意疑问句
1、must
当must表示命令时,反意疑问句用needn’t。
当must表示推测时,反意疑问句与实际情况保持一致,即与把must删掉后的陈述句的反意疑问句保持一致。
2、can’t
当can’t表示没能力做某事时,反意疑问句用can .?
当can’t用于表推测时,反意疑问句由实际情况决定,即由去掉can’t后的真实陈述句决定。
情态动词的用法
.1. dare、need、must
dare是很“争强好胜”的情态动词,举个例子:
Don’t you dare!
你敢吗?
或 How dare you l her about that?
你怎么敢告诉她那件事!
是不是感受到腾腾的杀气扑面而来!
need也是一个比较极端的词,含有命令的口吻,用的时候要小心了。比如You need this.(你需要这个)这句话可能会让你的朋友感觉不舒服,同样的意思,换成Would you like this?(你想要这个吗?)是不是好多了!
must通常也是命令的口吻,它的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,如果不是非常严肃需要强调的时候尽量避免使用,可以尝试用will/would替换,举个例子:
你必须和我们一起去。
即使非常渴望小伙伴一起去,也要诚心诚意的邀请:
We’d love to he your company.
我们需要你的陪伴。
从上图我们可以看出should、will、ought属于第二梯队,说话者语气介于中间,为了让我们听起来更有礼貌,宝贝们在使用时可以使用其他句子进行中和,举几个例子:
You should eat more vegetables.
你应该多吃蔬菜。
为了让我们听起来更有礼貌,可以先说说蔬菜的好处
Vegetables are nutritious, and some of them n taste good.
蔬菜很有营养,而且有些蔬菜味道也不错。
You will like this.
你会喜欢这个的。
可以换成:
I hope you like this.
希望你喜欢。
Polly 应该尝试一种新发型。
可以换成:
I wonder if Polly likes any of the new hair styles.
我想知道Polly是否喜欢别的发型。
3. can、may、shall
can(能)、may(可以)、shall(应该)这三个词听起来就像说话者在给予权限,但是比命令的语气好一点,也更有礼貌一点。
You can come with us.
你可以跟来。
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